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... Adenosine receptor agonists (Nourianz) work as add-ons to Levodopa to treat “off” time by blocking the brain chemical adenosine to boost the signaling of dopamine. Anticholinergics (Cogentin, trihexyphenidyl) decrease activity of acetylcholine in the brain to restore balance between acetylcholine and dopamine. ...

... Medications that block these receptors, known as adenosine A2A antagonists, may help improve Parkinson’s symptoms by enhancing the effects of dopamine.Istradefylline (Nourianz) is an adenosine A2A antagonist that can be used alongside levodopa to reduce “off” times. ...